Urinary tract infections are among the most common medical complications during pregnancy. A urinary tract infection, or UTI, occurs when bacteria enter the urinary system and multiply, causing inflammation and discomfort. Whilst UTIs can affect anyone, pregnant women are particularly vulnerable due to the profound physical and hormonal changes their bodies undergo.
Understanding the causes, symptoms, and treatment options for UTIs during pregnancy is essential for safeguarding both maternal health and the well-being of the developing baby.
How can UTIs affect the baby or the pregnancy?
When a urinary tract infection goes untreated during pregnancy, it poses potential risks to both mother and baby. Research has shown that untreated UTIs may increase the likelihood of preterm birth, which occurs before thirty-seven weeks of gestation. Preterm birth can lead to various health challenges for the newborn, including respiratory difficulties and developmental delays. Additionally, untreated infections have been associated with low birth weight, which can affect a baby’s growth and development.
In some cases, a UTI can progress to a more serious kidney infection, which may cause complications such as sepsis or other systemic issues that can endanger both mother and baby. The good news is that with early diagnosis and appropriate antibiotic treatment, these risks can be significantly reduced. Routine prenatal care often includes screening for UTIs precisely because timely intervention is so effective in preventing complications.
What are the most common symptoms?
Recognising the symptoms of a urinary tract infection is crucial for seeking timely medical attention. One of the most common signs is a burning or painful sensation during urination. Many women also experience a frequent and urgent need to urinate, even when only small amounts of urine are passed. The urine itself may appear cloudy or have an unusually strong odour, both of which can indicate the presence of bacteria.
Pain or discomfort in the lower abdomen or back is another typical symptom. This pain may be persistent or intermittent and can sometimes be mistaken for normal pregnancy-related discomfort. However, if accompanied by other urinary symptoms, it warrants investigation. In more severe cases, particularly when the infection has spread to the kidneys, symptoms can escalate to include high fever, chills, nausea, and vomiting. These are signs of pyelonephritis and require urgent medical attention.
UTIs Treatment During Pregnancy
Treating a urinary tract infection during pregnancy requires careful consideration to ensure the safety of both mother and baby. Antibiotics are the standard treatment, and healthcare professionals select medications proven safe for use during pregnancy. The choice of antibiotic may depend on the bacteria identified, the stage of pregnancy, and individual health considerations.
It is essential that antibiotics are taken exactly as prescribed, even if symptoms improve before the course is finished. Stopping treatment early can allow bacteria to survive and potentially lead to recurrence or antibiotic-resistant strains. In most cases, oral antibiotics are sufficient, and symptoms improve within a few days.
However, in more severe cases or when a kidney infection is suspected, closer medical supervision may be necessary. Some women may require hospital admission for intravenous antibiotics and monitoring to ensure the infection does not lead to further complications.
Special situations
Whilst most urinary tract infections during pregnancy present with noticeable symptoms, certain situations require particular attention.
Asymptomatic bacteriuria
Asymptomatic bacteriuria refers to the presence of bacteria in the urine without accompanying symptoms. During pregnancy, this condition is not benign and requires treatment. Even without symptoms, the bacteria can increase the risk of developing a kidney infection. Routine urine screening during prenatal visits is designed to detect asymptomatic bacteriuria so that it can be treated promptly with antibiotics, reducing the risk of progression.
Kidney infection (pyelonephritis)
If a urinary tract infection spreads to the kidneys, it can result in pyelonephritis. This is a more serious infection that can cause high fever, severe back pain, nausea, and vomiting. Kidney infections during pregnancy require urgent medical attention and often necessitate hospital treatment with intravenous antibiotics. Pyelonephritis can lead to complications such as preterm labour and sepsis if not treated promptly.
When should you seek medical advice immediately?
Whilst many urinary tract infections can be managed effectively with prescribed antibiotics, certain situations require immediate medical advice. If symptoms worsen or new symptoms develop, such as fever, significant back pain, or nausea, contact a healthcare provider without delay. These symptoms may indicate that the infection has spread to the kidneys.
Similarly, if symptoms do not improve within a few days of starting antibiotic treatment, this could suggest bacterial resistance or another underlying issue. Pregnant women should never hesitate to seek help if concerned about their symptoms, as early intervention is key to preventing complications.
Why Choose London Women’s Centre for Pregnancy-Related Care
London Women’s Centre specialises exclusively in women’s health, including the management of conditions that arise during pregnancy. The team has extensive experience in recognising and addressing pregnancy-related concerns that are sometimes overlooked, such as urinary tract infections. The clinic is committed to providing safe, evidence-based care that prioritises the well-being of both mother and baby.
A personalised approach is at the heart of the care provided, with the understanding that every pregnancy and every woman is unique. The clinic offers a supportive and compassionate environment where patients feel listened to and encouraged to seek help early. For urinary symptoms during pregnancy, choosing a clinic dedicated to women’s health can make a meaningful difference.
